BRAF and melanoma: Defensive mechanisms against cell death render melanoma resistant to current therapeutic outlines with targeted kinase inhibitors.4 The molecular mechanism leading to intrinsic or acquired resistance against BRAF-inhibitors is still controversial since pro-apoptotic and anti-apoptotic functions depend on cellular context, target proteins, and cross-talk of different pathways.7,26,27 Accordingly, neither treatment of two mutBRAF melanoma cell lines with the mutBRAF inhibitor dabrafenib alone nor in combination with the MEK inhibitor trametinib yielded significant cell death.