CASP8AP2 and breast carcinoma: Among these, increased DNA methylation of the CASP8AP2 gene has previously been associated with less sensitivity to cisplatin and taxol in a breast cancer cell line (MDA-MB-231) [22], elevated UBR5 gene expression levels have been observed in cisplatin-resistant ovarian cancer patients in comparison with cisplatin-responsive patients [23], and SEMA4D has been shown to play a role in progression of multiple cancers, such as ovarian cancer [24].