Highlighting the role of TSPO as a chief mediator of post-ischemic arrhythmias, Brown and colleagues observed similar anti-arrhythmic effects of TSPO blockade in a rabbit model of ischemia-reperfusion injury, which were not apparent in those hearts treated with the mPTP blocker, CsA (O’Rourke, 2000; Aon et al., 2003; Brown et al., 2008). The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is ischemia reperfusion injury.