Of note, because TSPO expression in non-myocyte populations (namely macrophages) increases markedly during inflammation, TSPO serves as powerful biomarker in diabetes mellitus, atherosclerosis and other inflammatory diseases in an ever-growing number of PET studies (Pugliese et al., 2010; Hellberg et al., 2018; Ran et al., 2018). The gene discussed is TSPO; the disease is diabetes mellitus.