SIRT1 and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis: Moreover, SIRT1 can ameliorate neurodegeneration in in vivo and in vitro models of Alzheimer’s disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), and Wallerian degeneration (Araki et al., 2004; Qin et al., 2006b; Kim et al., 2007), suggesting that SIRT1 is important for neuronal protection against neurotoxic insults.