In non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) the infiltration with CD8+ cells has been associated with good clinical outcome in several studies that have included several thousands of patients.6,104–109 Interestingly, Goc et al.6 found that lung tumours with high infiltration with CD8+ cells but low densities of mature DCs were associated with poor prognosis, as compared with tumours with high numbers of both populations. The gene discussed is CD8A; the disease is neoplasm.