For example, CAR T cells engineered to secrete human anti-PD-L1 antibodies to block T cell exhaustion have been shown to clear renal cell carcinoma in a humanised mouse model.147 Anti-PD-L1 antibody delivery to the tumour site led to a five-fold reduction in tumour growth and a 50–80% reduction in tumour weight in comparison to treatment with parental CAR T cells. This evidence concerns the gene CD274 and neoplasm.