CARs specific for CD19 (also known as B-lymphocyte antigen CD19) have induced high remission rates (over 80%) in patients with treatment-refractory acute lymphocytic leukaemia (ALL) or diffuse large B-cell lymphoma.9,10 Although it still remains to be proven, it is very likely that these remission rates will also prolong overall survival for these otherwise untreatable patient populations. The gene discussed is CD19; the disease is acute lymphoblastic leukemia.