While within the first 24 h after stroke TDP-43 expression was mostly limited to the nuclei, at 48 h after MCAO, few cells start to show cytoplasmic TDP-43, while at 72 h post-stroke till the latest time point analyzed (30 days), most of the cells displayed strong cytoplasmic TDP-43 immunoreactivity (Fig. 1a). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is stroke disorder.