NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Meanwhile, myocardial mRNA expressions of ANP and BNP, known as myocardial hypertrophy markers,32 were significantly up‐regulated in RV of AV group (P < 0.01 vs S), mRNA expression of ANP in RV was significantly down‐regulated in AD group compared to AV group, while ANP and BNP expressions were similar among groups in LV (Figure 4B).