XDH and hyperuricemia: Previous studies using the rat model of hyperuricemia have shown that CTG inhibited xanthine hydrogenase activity (XO) and xanthine oxidase (XDH) mRNA expression in the liver and anti-inflammation, promoted uric acid excretion by regulating the expression of miR-34a and miR-146a, and inhibited URAT1 and GLUT9 mRNA transcription and protein expression [13, 14, 25, 26].