In addition, pDCs from the peripheral blood (PB) of IBD patients generally display an activated phenotype defined by the increased expression of co-stimulatory molecules and the ability to spontaneously produce inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6, but they also show impaired production of IFN-I in response to TLR7 and 9 stimulation (28). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.