The PRSs for BPH/LUTS and prostate cancer correlate very significantly with PSA levels; each standard deviation (SD) increase in the PRSs corresponds to 12.9% (P = 6.0 × 10−45) and 16.3% (P = 9.8 × 10−68) increase in PSA levels, respectively (Table 2a). Here, KLK3 is linked to benign prostatic hyperplasia.