Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-1α, and IL-6 were measured for their implication in MS immunopathology (Becher et al., 2017), and IL-12 and IL-23 for their role in T helper type 1 (Th1) and Th17 differentiation, respectively, as these two T cell subsets are related to MS (Hohlfeld et al., 2015). The gene discussed is TNF; the disease is myeloid sarcoma.