TNF and cancer: A G-to-A substitution in the promoter region (−308) of the TNF-α gene (TNF-α-308G>A) upregulates TNF-α expression and is reportedly associated with many diseases including cancer.[8–10] Although numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the correlation between TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism and cancer risk or prognosis, it is yet controversial whether TNF-α-308G>A polymorphism is a beneficial indicator for overall survival of cancer patients.