Age, presence of obesity, smoking, alcohol abuse or related diseases, Charlson Comorbidity Index, benign prostatic hypertrophy, numbers of PSA requests, use of ACE inhibitors, NSAIDs, statins, alpha-adrenoreceptor antagonists, testosterone 5-alpha reductase inhibitors, immunosuppressive drugs. The gene discussed is ACE; the disease is obesity due to melanocortin 4 receptor deficiency.