Age, race/ethnicity, education, US citizen, and cancer-related health beliefs, insurance, family income, region of residence, regular finasteride use, regular use of non-aspirin NSAIDs or COX-2 inhibitors, and antidiabetic drug use, family history of prostate cancer, smoking status, alcohol drinking status, frequency of vigorous physical activity, nutritional status, health status, numbers of PSA tests performed during the past 5 years, BMI, and selfreported diabetes mellitus. This evidence concerns the gene KLK3 and cancer.