In human diseases, FGF10 is capable of stimulating the growth of endometrial carcinoma cells by activating the ERK1/2 pathway in a paracrine manner (Taniguchi et al., 2003) and is involved in the growth of ameloblastoma – an epithelial benign tumor of the odontogenic apparatus – partially signaling through ERK1/2 (Nakao et al., 2013). The gene discussed is FGF10; the disease is endometrial carcinoma.