VEGFA and endothelial dysfunction: Animal experiments show that the down-regulation of circulating VEGF or neutralization by either antibodies or Soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFIt-1) may play a key role in inducing proteinuria without changes in podocyte proteins in various renal diseases or PE, wherein a high level of sFIt-1 has been associated with the endothelial dysfunction observed in these women (Maynard et al., 2003; Sugimoto et al., 2003; Stillman and Karumanchi, 2007).