The role of APOE in epilepsy development is still controversial, some studies showing that ApoE-ε4 is associated with an increased risk of medically refractory epilepsy, of late post-traumatic seizures and of non-lesional mesial temporal lobe epilepsy (MTLE), while other studies found no association in non-lesional TLE patients nor in MTLE with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) patients (Leal et al., 2017). The gene discussed is APOE; the disease is epilepsy.