GCG and Parkinson disease: In preclinical studies, GLP-1 and its longer-lasting analogs decrease apoptosis, protect neurons from oxidative stress and inflammation, induce neurite outgrowth, protect neural plasticity, and enhance memory formation in the brains of animals in mouse models of Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases (Holscher, 2010, 2012; Xiong et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2015).