Hypoxia and the activation of UPR sustains malignant cell progression and resistance through the activation of intracellular and/or extracellular factors, including hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), NRF-2, VEGF, IL-8, fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2), and NF-κB, thus inducing metastasis, angiogenesis, and MM growth [59]. Here, NFKB1 is linked to Miyoshi myopathy.