LCN2 and bacterial infectious disease: Moreover, progressive kidney tubulo-interstitial damage (e.g. due to recurring bacterial infections, renal ischemia, or proteinuric nephropathies), which impairs the renal capacity to concentrate urine [1, 56, 57], results in reduction of Lcn2-R expression [17], concomitantly with an increase of Lcn2 expression ([14] and this study).