Based upon the pivotal RELAZA phase 2 study, which evaluated the role of 5-azacitidine in 20 either AML or myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients with MRD positivity after alloHSCT [80], Platzbecker et al. recently reported the results of RELAZA2 trial, which investigated MRD monitoring in 205 patients with either advanced MDS (27 cases) or AML (178 cases, including 31 with NPM1 mutations), in CR after either conventional chemotherapy only (58 cases) or consecutive alloHSCT (147 cases) [81]. Here, NPM1 is linked to myelodysplastic syndrome.