The ATP-gated and cyclic AMP (cAMP)-dependent Cl− channel cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) participates in Cl− secretion and is broadly known for its role in cystic fibrosis, the pathophysiology of which is due to channel malfunction [74,75,76,159]. The gene discussed is CFTR; the disease is cystic fibrosis.