Shime et al showed that lactic acid promoted the expression and secretion of interleukin‐23 (IL‐23), which impeded infiltration of CD8+ T cells in tumor microenvironment.90, 91 Colegio et al showed that lactic acid upregulated HIF‐1α to facilitate the development of M2‐like macrophages, a subset of macrophages known to promote cancer progression.92, 93 Besides, MDSCs could prohibit function of T cells and NK cells to suppress immune response.94 LDHA‐induced lactate accumulation could also increase the number of MDSCs in immune escape of tumors.85 This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and neoplasm.