In IL-1β-injected rats, dietary supplementation of EPA improves ω-3/ω-6 PUFA imbalance, inhibits glial activation, reduces expression of amyloid precursor protein (APP) and TNF-α, and upregulates expression of BDNF and its receptor, indicating that EPA is an important candidate for anti-inflammatory therapy of neurodegenerative diseases [93]. Here, TNF is linked to neurodegenerative disease.