Similar to that seen in cardiovascular disease,59 light-to-moderate intake of alcohol was associated with the reduced risk of colorectal cancer in some studies.60–62 Light-to-moderate alcohol consumption may increase insulin sensitivity and thus reduce insulin production.49,50 This was consistent with the observation that moderate alcohol consumption was associated with lower levels of plasma C-peptide and lower risk of colorectal cancer.63 Thus the potential interaction between insulin and alcohol may protect patients with type 2 diabetes from serious outcomes of hyperinsulinaemia. Here, INS is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.