ABL1 and acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Furthermore, this upregulation of DUSP6/MKP-3 was also seen in pre-B ALL cells, where it was driven by both Abl and ERK activity and high DUSP6/MKP-3 mRNA levels in patients with Philadelphia chromosome positive (Ph+) (BRC-Abl-driven) ALL was associated with shorter survival [164].