Interestingly, DUSP6/MKP-3 down-regulation has also been implicated in mediating reactivation of Ras-ERK signalling and drug resistance in lung cancer cells harbouring the echinoderm microtubule-associated protein-like 4 -anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ELM4-ALK) fusion protein exposed to the TKI crizotinib (Xalkori) [170]. This evidence concerns the gene MAPK1 and lung carcinoma.