TIL could be reliably expanded using IL-2, IL-15 and IL-21: TIL expansion could be achieved in 12/12 patients with different cancer histologies resulting in 17 individual TIL preparations with an oligoclonal TCR repertoire and a strong CXCR3 expression in both CD4+ and CD8+ TIL enabling access to tissue. The gene discussed is CD4; the disease is cancer.