Intriguingly, recent data from IMpower150 subgroup analysis demonstrated that combination of VEGF blockade with anti-PD-L1 and chemotherapy induces response in patients with EGFR/ALK driven NSCLC, suggesting modulating the tumor microenvironment may enhance response to anti-PD-1 blockade in EGFR/ALK lung cancers. Here, PDCD1 is linked to lung carcinoma.