PDCD1 and neoplasm: This study examines the following hypotheses: 1] Intratumor OncPV administration causes oncolysis and inflammation, which stimulates innate and adaptive immunity; 2] Immune cell activation in tumor triggers adaptive immune resistance via the PD1/PDL1 axis; 3] Blocking PD1/PDL1 in conjunction with OncPV will eliminate adaptive resistance and potentiate durable antitumor immunity.