Future directions include an evaluation of neoadjuvant IRX-2 with anti-PD-1 and chemotherapy in stage II-III TNBC, ongoing follow-up of a randomized phase IIb trial of neoadjuvant IRX-2 regimen in HNSCC to ascertain clinical benefit, and trials evaluating efficacy of IRX-2/anti-PD-1 combination across various metastatic cancers. Here, RPL17 is linked to metastatic malignant neoplasm.