PPARGC1A and dilated cardiomyopathy: Conversely, overexpression of PGC-1α in adult mice had shown a moderate mitochondrial proliferation, abnormal mitochondrial architecture and severe cardiac dysfunction [70], and constitutive overexpression of PGC-1α in murine heart resulted in unconstrained mitochondrial proliferation in cardiac myocytes leading to a dilated cardiomyopathy [10].