Type II diabetes is associated with bothhyperinsulinaema and insulin resistance, while type I diabetes is associated withlow insulin production, all of which may have effects separate to elevated glucose.Exposure to glucose is therefore not a model of diabetes per se, but the ability toexamine the effect of this single (and defining) feature of diabetes has utility.Other studies have applied this approach,35, –37 although often using farhigher levels of glucose than seen in human diabetics. This evidence concerns the gene INS and Insulin resistance.