Subsequently, several investigators have demonstrated that levels of TGFB1 and its downstream signaling pathways are enhanced in renal cells during DN progression12,13 and that TGFB1 has a critical role in mesangial fibrosis, a histological change typical of DN, under diabetic conditions by inducing the expression of extracellular matrix proteins, including collagen14–16. Here, TGFB1 is linked to liver dysplastic nodule.