Moreover, the effect of FGFR targeting in stromal pancreatic stellate cells has also demonstrated a beneficial outcome by reducing cancer cell invasion and hence better containing the tumour.139 This suggests that PI3K pathway inhibition may also have an antistromal effect that reduces the protumourigenic role of the activated cancer-associated fibroblasts and stellate cells, but as yet, this effect has not been assessed. Here, PIK3CA is linked to cancer.