A high frequency and intensity of staining in KIM-1 was observed in the proximal tubule, distal tubule and collecting duct in the ethylene glycol-treated kidneys (Figure 4(A)); however, further faint KIM-1 staining was observed in the kidneys from the potassium citrate-treated urolithiasis rats (Figure 4(A)). Here, HAVCR1 is linked to urolithiasis.