found that TGF‐β signalling serves as not only a tumour promotor but also a tumour suppressing factor through transforming TGF‐β‐induced Sox4 from an inducer of the tumourigenesis to a suppressor of tumour proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.52 This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma.