Over- and under-expression of PITX2 is also associated with atrial fibrillation (Syeda et al. 2017; Chinchilla et al. 2011; Pérez-Hernández et al. 2016), and PITX2 represses translation of genes that encode transcriptional regulators, ion channels, and cell junction proteins in the heart (Tao et al. 2014). This evidence concerns the gene PITX2 and atrial fibrillation.