Our results showed that J1.1 T-cell exosomes stimulated significant expression of proto-oncogenes FOS28,29 and, to a lesser extent, c-Myc mRNA30,31 compared to Jurkat cell exosomes (Fig. 3i), suggesting that exosomes from HIV-infected T cells can directly promote cell proliferation through up-regulation of proto-oncogenes in HSC3 cancer cells. The gene discussed is MYC; the disease is cancer.