We found that exosomes from J1.1 cells stimulated significant expression of TLR3-responsive, ISGs IFIT1 and IFNB114,25,26 as well as an EGF-inducible DEFB103 which encodes human β-defensin-3 (hBD-3) that is produced by proliferating oral cancer cells and involved in macrophage trafficking in tumors27 (Fig. 3g). The gene discussed is TLR3; the disease is lip and oral cavity carcinoma.