KLK3 and cancer: In current clinical practice the cancer detection rate (CDR) of a first extended PBx prompted by an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and/or an abnormal digital rectal examination (DRE) is around 40% (1), dropping to approximately 25% in the setting of screening programs, i.e., patients with serum PSA between 2.5 and 10 ng/mL (2).