VEGFA and breast cancer: In cocultures of breast cancer (MCF-7) and endothelial cells (HUVECs), melatonin (1 mM) exerted its antiangiogenic action by downregulating the expression of angiopoietins (ANG-1 and ANG-2) and VEGF levels and upregulating the expression of Tie2, which is the angiopoietin receptor [154].