VEGFA and prostate cancer: In androgen-dependent but also in androgen-independent prostate cancer cell lines, melatonin (1 mM) seemed to exert an antiangiogenic effect since it reduced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF-1) protein levels and the release of the vascular endothelial growth factor, which correlated with dephosphorylation of p70S6 kinase and its target, ribosomal protein RPS6 [85].