Studies of adherent-invasive E. coli in IL10−/− IBD murine models demonstrate the potential complexity of the relationship between inflammation, the microbiome and carcinogenesis: inflammation does not promote the survival of adherent-invasive E. coli, but rather disrupts hitherto poorly defined processes for the natural negative selection of Enterobacteriaceae such as E. Coli (57). The gene discussed is IL10; the disease is inflammatory bowel disease.