To determine whether E2 treatment might affect AD neuropathological changes in APP23 female mice with and without aromatase deficiency (APP/Ar(+/−)) and those lacking central E2 due to gonadetcomy (APP/OVX), both groups were provided estrogenic chemicals, e.g., ethinyl E2 or genistein (Details in Table 1) (194) These studies revealed that APP23 OVX mice contain E2 in the brain. This evidence concerns the gene APP and Alzheimer disease.