In pancreatic islets from T2D patients, increased activation of classical UPR-induced proteins p58IPK, CHOP, GRP78, ATF3 and distended ER were found (Hartman et al., 2004; Marchetti et al., 2004; Huang et al., 2007; Laybutt et al., 2007). Here, ATF3 is linked to type 2 diabetes mellitus.