NGLY1 and cancer: Human PSCs, including undifferentiated hESCs and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs), are considered as normal cells in a unique cellular state, while similar to cancer cells regarding certain features.16 Normal melanocytes (HEMl)-derived hiPSCs, compared with HEMl cells, showed a similar expression level of NGLY1, much lower than that observed in melanoma cells (Fig. 1b).