Since the expression of the interferon λ gene family members including the IL-29 (interferon λ1) gene is primarily regulated by the IRF proteins and NF-κB,41 it is likely that NGLY1 suppression causes robust upregulation of IRF and NF-κB transcription factors and subsequently upregulates IL-29 expression in melanoma cells. This evidence concerns the gene IFNL1 and melanoma.