Using crude concentration of cytokines, we found that higher concentrations of eotaxin (in both unstimulated and TLR7/8-stimulated samples), IL-7 (in TLR3-stimulated samples), GM-CSF (in TLR7/8-stimulated samples), and IL-1β (in TLR9-stimulated samples) in the cord blood at birth were significantly associated with an increased risk of subsequent clinical malaria episodes during the first year of life (Table 3). This evidence concerns the gene CSF2 and malaria.