TLR9 and malaria: Indeed, higher TLR3- and TLR7/8-mediated interleukin (IL)-10 responses at birth were found to be associated with a significant increased risk of P. falciparum infection in infants in Benin [30], whereas polymorphisms in TLR9 gene were associated with difference in susceptibility to malaria in Burundian and Ghanaian children [35, 36].