TNFRSF1A and malaria: Those studies showed a protective prediction of high proinflammatory cytokine levels in unstimulated samples (TNF, TNF-RI, IL-1β), while high levels of anti-inflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 (upon TLR3 and TLR7/8 stimulations) predicted an increased risk of clinical malaria in early childhood [30, 49, 61].