These results are in agreement with a key role of IL-12 in the induction of a Th1-type protective immunity against malaria mediated by IFN-γ, TNF, and nitric oxide productions [62–66] and the inhibiting effect on disease severity of IL-1RA on IL-1A and IL-1β (through binding to IL-1 receptors) [67]. This evidence concerns the gene IL1A and malaria.