CSF2 and cancer: Additional strategies utilizing gene targeting methods include cell therapies, such as T-cell programming [62], immunotherapy, and CAR-T [63,64]; induction of T-cell immunity to cancer antigens, such as mesothelin by GVAX pancreas; and granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor-secreting allogeneic pancreatic tumor cells for pancreatic cancer patients with metastatic lesions [41].