DIAPH1 and viral infectious disease: Interestingly, recent work on flies has shown that that viral infection elicits an elevation of caspase-generated Drosophila inhibitor of apoptosis 1 (DIAP1), a target substrate of the Arg/N-end rule in flies, by invoking the targeted proteasomal-degradation of N-terminal amidohydrolase 1 (NTAN1) [157].