INS and Alzheimer disease: The main analyses were performed on the expression of the genes shown in Table 2 with the primary goal of determining the extent to which IRSP and endothelial cell related transcripts were altered in AD vs. controls and whether these disease-associated changes were normalized in the brain of persons with AD receiving one or more antidiabetic medications of any kind and in any combination (i.e., insulin only, oral agents only, insulin plus oral agents).