NPPA and cardiac hypertrophy: Our data showed that the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), α-skeletal (SK)-actin, and the ratio of β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC)/α-MHC expression were all significantly increased in the UUO hearts, suggesting that possible pathological cardiac hypertrophy was induced by UUO injury in mice37–39.