Our data showed that the expression of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), α-skeletal (SK)-actin, and the ratio of β-myosin heavy chain (β-MHC)/α-MHC expression were all significantly increased in the UUO hearts, suggesting that possible pathological cardiac hypertrophy was induced by UUO injury in mice37–39. This evidence concerns the gene NPPB and cardiac hypertrophy.