We show that miR-584-5p mediates its tumor suppressor and VCR/IR-potentiating effect by targeting eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4e family member 3 (eIF4E3) and histone deacetylase 1 (HDAC1), thereby affecting cell cycle progression, microtubule dynamics, and DNA damage response. The gene discussed is EIF4E3; the disease is neoplasm.