For example, miR-146b-3p and miR-4433a-3p could, respectively, target NOS2 (nitric oxide synthase 2) and RPS6KB2 (ribosomal protein S6 kinase B2) of the HIF-1 signalling pathway and the mTOR signalling pathway, leading to the proliferation and invasion of cancers [46,47] (figure 4b). The gene discussed is HIF1A; the disease is cancer.