The antitumor activity of VEFG/VEGFR-targeted therapies alone and in combination with topotecan and S-1 can be further enhanced by MSC in mice bearing VHL-deficient 786.0 ccRCC tumors expressing HIF2α, VEGF, miRNA-155, and miRNA-210. This evidence concerns the gene EPAS1 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.