Unlike colorectal and head-and-neck tumors, ccRCC tumors feature a high incidence and intensity of constitutively expressed HIFs, as well as lower levels of VEGF and prolyl hydroxylase 2 (PHD2), with no detectable prolyl hydroxylase 3 (PHD3), as assessed by immunohistochemistry (Table 1). This evidence concerns the gene P3H3 and nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.