The antitumor activity of VEFG/VEGFR-targeted therapies alone and in combination with topotecan and S-1 can be further enhanced by MSC in mice bearing VHL-deficient 786.0 ccRCC tumors expressing HIF2α, VEGF, miRNA-155, and miRNA-210. The gene discussed is VHL; the disease is nonpapillary renal cell carcinoma.